[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.sl-as.cz\/jak-funguje-editace-genomu\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.sl-as.cz\/jak-funguje-editace-genomu\/","headline":"Jak funguje editace genomu?","name":"Jak funguje editace genomu?","description":"V\u00fdzkumn\u00ed pracovn\u00edci na univerzit\u011b Sun Yat-sen v Guangzhou v \u010c\u00edn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvali experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed techniku pro editaci gen\u016f k modifikaci genu v lidsk\u00fdch embry\u00edch, kter\u00fd zp\u016fsobuje smrtelnou […]","datePublished":"2020-09-08","dateModified":"2023-05-19","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.sl-as.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.sl-as.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ccdd701717dc93db07d73e0c11dbbb8b91524cccc3bfbd3baea83667a3ebf5d6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ccdd701717dc93db07d73e0c11dbbb8b91524cccc3bfbd3baea83667a3ebf5d6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"sl-as.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.sl-as.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a298875_w2375_t1509077576.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.sl-as.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a298875_w2375_t1509077576.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.sl-as.cz\/jak-funguje-editace-genomu\/","about":["Zbo\u017e\u00ed"],"wordCount":487,"articleBody":"V\u00fdzkumn\u00ed pracovn\u00edci na univerzit\u011b Sun Yat-sen v Guangzhou v \u010c\u00edn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvali experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed techniku pro editaci gen\u016f k modifikaci genu v lidsk\u00fdch embry\u00edch, kter\u00fd zp\u016fsobuje smrtelnou krevn\u00ed poruchu. Postup, kter\u00fd byl proveden na \u017eivotaschopn\u00fdch embry\u00edch, byl jen \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd.  Jejich studie by m\u011bla b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdm varov\u00e1n\u00edm pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159e, kter\u00fd si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee technologie je p\u0159ipravena k testov\u00e1n\u00ed, aby odstranila chorobn\u00e9 geny. Tato technika zahrnuje enzymov\u00fd komplex zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako CRISPR \/ Cas9, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v mnoha bakteri\u00edch. CRISPR (zkratka pro shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 pravideln\u011b vpichovan\u00e9, kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 palindromick\u00e9 opakov\u00e1n\u00ed) je kr\u00e1tk\u00e1, opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se sekvence RNA, kter\u00e1 odpov\u00edd\u00e1 genetick\u00e9 sekvenci, kterou chce v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd pracovn\u00edk upravit. Pracuje spole\u010dn\u011b s Cas9, enzymem, kter\u00fd \u0159e\u0161\u00ed DNA jako p\u00e1r. Za prv\u00e9, komplex CRISPR \/ Cas9 prohled\u00e1v\u00e1 bu\u0148ku DNA, dokud nenajde a nep\u0159ipoj\u00ed k sekvenci, kter\u00e1 odpov\u00edd\u00e1 CRISPR. Potom Cas9 roz\u0159\u00edzne DNA a dojde k vlo\u017een\u00ed kusu enzymu. U bakteri\u00ed komplex poskytuje rezistenci proti ciz\u00ed DNA, jako jsou plazmidy (mal\u00e9, kruhovit\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti DNA) a f\u00e1gy (viry, kter\u00e9 infikuj\u00ed bakterie). Ale od roku 2013 v\u011bdci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed syst\u00e9m k \u00faprav\u011b gen\u016f v bu\u0148k\u00e1ch jin\u00fdch druh\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b dosp\u011bl\u00fdch lidsk\u00fdch bun\u011bk a embry\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at. Ve studii se injek\u010dn\u011b pod\u00e1val komplex CRISPR \/ Cas9 do lidsk\u00fdch embry\u00ed s c\u00edlem opravit gen pro beta-talasemii, potenci\u00e1ln\u011b smrtelnou krevn\u00ed poruchu, kter\u00e1 sni\u017euje tvorbu hemoglobinu. Embrya, kter\u00e1 byla z\u00edsk\u00e1na z m\u00edstn\u00edch kliniky, nemohla v\u00e9st k \u017eiv\u00fdm porod\u016fm, proto\u017ee byla oplodn\u011bna dv\u011bma spermiemi, co\u017e zabra\u0148uje spr\u00e1vn\u00e9mu v\u00fdvoji embry\u00ed. V\u011bdci provedli postup na 86 embry\u00edch a \u010dekali \u010dty\u0159i dny, aby umo\u017enili proveden\u00ed genu. Bylo modifikov\u00e1no sedmdes\u00e1t jedna embry\u00ed a v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci geneticky testovali 54 z nich. Pouze 28 embry\u00ed bylo \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b spojeno, co\u017e znamenalo odstran\u011bn\u00ed vadn\u00e9ho genu a jen n\u011bkolik z nich za\u010dlenilo zdrav\u00fd gen na sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto. \u00dasp\u011bch by musel b\u00fdt bl\u00ed\u017ee ke 100 procent\u016fm p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e by tato technika mohla b\u00fdt pou\u017eita v \u017eivotaschopn\u00fdch lidsk\u00fdch embry\u00edch, uvedli v\u011bdci. Postup tak\u00e9 zp\u016fsobil znepokojuj\u00edc\u00ed mutace v jin\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech genomu – a mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rychlost\u00ed ne\u017e v my\u0161\u00edch embry\u00edch nebo dosp\u011bl\u00fdch lidsk\u00fdch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 podstoupily stejn\u00fd postup. Tyto mutace mohou m\u00edt \u0161kodliv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na bu\u0148ky, co\u017e je velk\u00e9 riziko v \u00faprav\u011b genu. Kv\u016fli t\u011bmto bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m p\u0159edstavuje pou\u017eit\u00ed t\u00e9to techniky u \u010dlov\u011bka v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 etick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, tvrd\u00ed n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011bdci.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4\/5 - (8 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Jak funguje editace genomu?","item":"https:\/\/www.sl-as.cz\/jak-funguje-editace-genomu\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]